The British, however, continued to smuggle in opium. Many Chinese people became addicted to opium and the government soon made the drug illegal. In the 1800s, the British began selling opium in China. This created discontent among the people and eventually led to the downfall of the Qing. For example, Han Chinese and Manchu were not allowed to marry. The majority of the people, the Han Chinese, were generally discriminated against. In society, the Manchu people were considered at the top of the social class. Art flourished under the Qing including painting, sculpture, poetry, opera, and porcelain. The Qing leaders were generally strong followers of Buddhism. The three main philosophies followed by the Chinese during the Qing Dynasty included Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. In order to keep out European influence, Christianity was outlawed in the 1800s. For many years, foreign ambassadors were not even allowed to approach the Chinese capital. They traded some items such as tea and silver, but had little else to do with foreign countries. Under the Qing Dynasty, China remained somewhat isolated from the outside world. The population grew to around 400 million people. For around 150 years, China experienced growth and peace under the rule of the Qing. Later they restored much of the Ming government including the civil service exams, but only Manchu people could hold high offices. They executed anyone who was suspected of treason. In 1683, under the Kangxi Emperor, the Qing Empire included all of China.Īt first, the Manchu maintained order through harsh discipline. The Manchus continued to expand and conquer more of China. The first Qing Emperor was a five-year-old boy who became the Shunzhi Emperor. (Licensed under CC0 via Wikimedia Commons)
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